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- From: asmith@acorn.co.uk (Andy Smith)
- Subject: +++ RISC OS 3 press release +++
- Date: 27 Sep 91 15:47:11 GMT
- Organization: Acorn Computers Ltd, Cambridge, England
-
- Acorn's Enhanced Operating System - More Power for the User!
-
- Acorn Computers has added many new features to its operating system being
- used in the new A5000 computer.
-
- RISC OS 3, which is being unveiled at the same time as the launch of the
- A5000, has many new features which mark a new chapter in the development of
- Acorn's operating systems.
-
- The key factor behind RISC OS 3 is the ease of operation that the new system
- brings to its users. Many applications, such as !Edit, !Paint and !Draw
- have been put into ROM and considerably improved; 12 commonly used font
- styles as well as the outline font manager, which offer an unlimited
- selection of point sizes, are also to be found in ROM, and the font
- manager has been significantly speeded up.
-
- Multitasking has been extended to allow functions such as Copy, Delete,
- Move, Format and Verify commands to be carried out in the background whilst
- other tasks are being performed; and command line instructions such as
- SetType, TimeStamp and a new command - Find (a file search utility) - can
- now be given from the desktop.
-
- Printer Driver software, with major code written into the ROM, offers a more
- rationalised interface for end users so that now they can select their
- printer from an extensive list of named products, or even set their own
- printer definition for individual models. It even allows different drivers
- to be loaded at the same time allowing, say, easy switching between draft
- mode and LQ mode from the desktop.
-
- A new utility, !FontPrint, allows any Acorn outline font to be sent to a
- Postscript printer without the need to convert them first into Draw files;
- machine configuration has been eased with a greatly extended !Configure
- program; !Pinboard not only allows files and applications to be placed
- anywhere on the WIMP desktop, but can also change active windows into icons
- permitting an easier and tidier desktop environment; and a desktop save
- utility obviates the need to write a special file for start up - it is now
- done automatically.
-
- Acorn's Technical Director, Malcolm Bird said "There are over 300 separate
- improvements to RISC OS which when combined together give even more
- functionality to the end user, but in a way so subtle as to preserve their
- investment in training and experience. "
-
- Acorn's Marketing Director, Mike O'Riordan enthused about the extensive list
- of new facilities. "The key message for A5000 users is that their desktop
- world has now become easier, more productive, tidier and much more
- versatile.
-
- "With major applications and operating system extensions in ROM, there is
- now typically 150KB of extra memory for programs to utilise; and those
- applications now offer major improvements in quality for all end users. "
-
- Commenting on the availability of RISC OS 3 for the rest of the range of
- Archimedes computers, Acorn's RISC OS Product Manager, Neil Gardner
- stressed that the first priority had been to get it right for the new
- A5000. "Now that the operating system has been thoroughly tried and tested
- on the new platform we would envisage that RISC OS 3 will be available for
- the rest of the range in the new year, and, of course, upgrades will be
- offered to all current users as soon as possible. "
-
-
- Issued by: Brian Salter Corporate Affairs Manager Acorn Computers Tel 0223
- 245200
-
- ===================
-
-
- From: RMokady@acorn.co.uk (Ran Mokady)
- Subject: RISC OS 3 Q&A
- Date: 27 Sep 91 16:27:34 GMT
-
-
- Just to prevent all of you from complaining that you never get any
- information out of us here at Acorn, here is a bit of information about the
- newly released RISC OS 3:
-
- I'll be glad to answer any more questions you may have.
-
- Ran.
-
-
-
-
- RISC OS 3 Q&A
- -------------
-
- Overview
-
- Q: What is the purpose of this document?
- A: This document tries to summarise the differences between RISC OS 2.00 and
- RISC OS 3. It is intended to show some of the main areas of change, and
- explain the reasons for them, and the advantages they give. It is not
- meant to be a comprehensive guide for RISC OS 3. More information about
- the facilities provided by RISC OS 3 is provided by the RISC OS 3
- PROGRAMMER'S REFERENCE MANUAL (availability will be announced at a later
- date).
-
-
- Q: What is RISC OS 3?
- A: Since its release in 1988 RISC OS 2.00 has been the accepted operating
- system for the Acorn range of ARM based computers. At the same time
- Acorn's software engineers have been continuously striving to improve on
- the facilities provided by RISC OS 2.00 and produce an even better
- operating system that will provide more facilities, and be easier to use
- by both users and software developers. RISC OS 3 is the result of these
- efforts.
-
- Q: Is RISC OS 3 a new operating system?
- A: No. While RISC OS 3 provides many more facilities than its predecessor
- RISC OS 2.00 it still the RISC OS operating system. Virtually all
- software that was written to run under RISC OS 2.00 will continue to run
- under RISC OS 3 without change.
-
-
- Q: What is Acorn's message to users?
- A: RISC OS 3 becomes the standard operating system for Acorn's ARM based
- range of computers. New and future Acorn computers starting with the
- A5000 will be provided with RISC OS 3 in ROM as standard. Upgrade kits
- will be made available for users of RISC OS 2.00 who wish to upgrade
- their computer to use RISC OS 3. It is Acorn's intention that RISC OS 3
- will in the future be provided as standard in ROM throughout the Acorn
- range of ARM based computers.
-
- Q: Now that RISC OS 3 is available will Acorn stop supporting RISC OS 2.00?
- A: No. Support for RISC OS 2.00 users will continue for the foreseeable
- future. Acorn would however like to encourage as many users as possible
- to upgrade from RISC OS 2.00 to RISC OS 3. As more and more application
- software makes use of the advanced facilities provided by RISC OS 3 it is
- expected that more and more users will want to take advantage of these
- new facilities and upgrade to RISC OS 3.
-
- Q: Which computers will RISC OS 3 work on?
- A: RISC OS 3 release 3.00 is designed to work on the Acorn A5000 only, it is
- not suitable for any other Acorn computer. Acorn will make versions of
- RISC OS 3 available for the other Acorn computers in the new year.
-
- Q: Which computers will future versions of RISC OS 3 work on ?
- A: Future releases of RISC OS 3 will work on any Archimedes, A3000 or A5000
- with at least 1MB of memory. Users of the Archimedes A300 and A400 range
- of computers (but not the A400/1 range of computers) will require some
- additional hardware in order to fit the new ROMs in their computer. Such
- hardware will be made available from Acorn through its chain of dealers.
-
- Q: Why do some computers require additional hardware?
- A: RISC OS 3 comes as a 2MB ROM, some older computers need extra
- hardware in order to be able to accept ROMs of this size.
-
- Q: Do I need a hard disc in order to use RISC OS 3?
- A: No. Because the operating system is resident in a 2MB ROM, you
- do not need a hard disc in order to get full use of it. Indeed,
- many of its additional facilities are primarily intended to
- benefit the users of unexpanded computers. RISC OS 3 makes a
- 1 MB, single floppy computer more powerful than ever before.
-
- Q: Will software developed for RISC OS 2.00 continue to run on RISC OS 3?
- A: Yes. With very few exceptions, all software which works with RISC OS
- 2.00 will continue to work with RISC OS 3.
-
- Q: Will all users have to upgrade to RISC OS 3?
- A: No. Users can continue to use RISC OS 2.00 and the applications that are
- available for it. Acorn hopes that the extra features of RISC OS 3 and
- the extra functionality that will be provided by applications written to
- make use of these new features will mean that most users will want to
- upgrade their computers. RISC OS 3 is a way of getting more out of
- the same computer you are using today.
-
-
- New functionality in RISC OS 3
-
- Q: What are the areas of improvement in RISC OS 3?
- A: RISC OS 3 provides many advantages over RISC OS 2.00 these can generally
- be divided into two areas, additional functionality for the computer
- user and additional programming interfaces for software developers. The
- additional functionality for the user will make the computer easier to
- use and provide more functionality out of the same computer. It is hoped
- that the additional programming interfaces will be used by software
- developers to provide more powerful application software for use on RISC
- OS 3 computers.
-
- Q: What additional functionality is provided in RISC OS 3?
- A: The following sections provide a general overview of the additional
- features of RISC OS 3.
-
-
- The RISC OS desktop
-
- Q: What is Acorn's view of the RISC OS desktop?
- A: Acorn sees the desktop as the main way of using RISC OS. Acorn's aim is
- to continue and make the desktop easier to use. It is hoped that, in
- time, the need to use the command line interface to RISC OS can be
- eliminated completely. Following this strategy RISC OS 3 makes more of
- the computers functionality accessible from the desktop. All operations
- that are started from the desktop will now take place in a multitasking
- way, enabling the user to continue and do other things while the
- operation is taking place.
-
- Q: What improvements will a user see when using the RISC OS 3 desktop?
- A: Some advantages of using the RISC OS 3 desktop are:
-
- * Multitasking Filer operations.
- Copying, moving, and deleting files no longer takes control away
- from the user. The user can now go on using the computer
- while the filing operations are taking place.
-
- * Multitasking Format/Verify/Backup
- These operations, which used to take a long time on RISC OS 2.00
- are now performed in the background, enabling the user to continue
- and make other use of the computer while they are taking place.
-
- * Multitasking Free space display.
- The free space display for floppy and hard discs now gives a
- continuous view of the free space on the disc while the computer
- is being used.
-
- * Additional Filer operations.
- It is now possible to search for a file, set a file's type, and
- date stamp a file from the Filer menu.
-
- * Applications in ROM.
- Improved versions of many of the main applications that were
- provided on disc with RISC OS 2.00 are now resident in ROM.
- These applications can be accessed using the Apps icon on the left
- hand side of the icon bar.
-
- * Automatic starting of applications
- Any of the ROM applications can be set to start automatically when
- the computer is powered on.
-
- * Fonts in ROM
- Many of the fonts that were provided on disc with RISC OS 2.00 are
- now resident in the RISC OS 3 ROM.
-
- * No limit on number of open windows.
- There is no longer a limit on the number of windows that can be
- opened at once.
-
- * Ability to move windows off screen.
- Windows can now be moved partly off screen, to increase the usable
- screen space.
-
- * Desktop saving
- Ability to save the computer's state and restore it when the user
- next uses the machine.
-
- * Computer shutdown.
- An option is provided to safely close the computer down, ready for
- turning it off.
-
- * Pinboard.
- Frequently used files can now be held on the desktop background
- for easy access.
- A background picture can also be displayed on the desktop.
-
- * Iconized windows.
- An open window can be shrunk to an icon, and stored on the
- desktop background. It can later be restored to its previous size
- be clicking on the icon. This helps reduce the space used by
- windows when they are not being actively used.
-
- * Improved printer support.
- A new printer driver manager !Printers is provided with RISC OS 3
- which makes printing easier.
- RISC OS 3 makes it possible to have more than one printer
- connected to your computer at the same time, with all connected
- printers accessible from the desktop.
-
- * Ability to read MS DOS(tm) format discs.
- It is now possible to use disc that were created on a computer
- running MS DOS(tm) from RISC OS 3 to move data between the Acorn
- range of computers and any computer running MS DOS(tm).
-
- * Support for new A5000 high density floppy formats.
- It is now possible to use 1.6MB floppy discs on computers which
- support it such as the A5000.
-
- * Broadcast Loader.
- RISC OS 3 includes support for broadcast loading on Econet
- networks. This greatly improves the speed at which applications
- and data are loaded on multiple computers on the network.
-
- * ARM3 support.
- RISC OS 3 includes built in support for the ARM3 processor that is
- used on the A540,R260 and A5000 computers.
-
- * Ability to use named hard discs.
- Hard discs which are given a name now have their name displayed
- under their icon on the icon bar, eliminating the need to refer to
- the same disc by both its name and number.
-
- * Grouping of icon bar icons.
- On RISC OS 3 icons of the same type will appear on the icon bar in
- a group, regardless of the order they were added to the icon bar.
- For instance all hard disc icons will appear in a group, and so
- will all the fileserver icons. This makes finding the icon you
- want easier.
-
- * Enhanced interactive help.
- When running !Help, help can now be provided on menu items as well
- as on icons and windows, making it easier to learn how to use new
- application software.
-
- * Extension modules in ROM.
- All of the standard extension modules for RISC OS 2.00 such as
- ColourTrans, the floating point emulator, the outline font
- manager and the shared C library are now in the RISC OS 3 ROM
- leaving more memory for application software.
-
- * Up to 128 tasks.
- RISC OS 3 can support up to 128 tasks running together in the
- computer as opposed to the 32 allowed by RISC OS 2.00.
-
- * New hot keys.
- New hot keys are provided to open a task window, move the icon bar
- to the front, and start a shutdown.
-
- * Screen blanker.
- A screen blanker is included in the RISC OS 3 ROM to help preserve
- the monitor screen.
-
-
- ROM Applications.
-
- Q: Which applications are provided in the RISC OS 3 ROM?
- A: The following applications are provided in ROM:
-
- * !Alarm - A clock and calendar application.
- * !Calc - A simple 4 function calculator.
- * !Chars - An application enabling access to
- characters not available from the keyboard
- * !Configure - An application enabling configuration of
- the computers startup state.
- * !Draw - A drawing application.
- * !Edit - A text editor.
- * !Help - A way of getting help on how to use
- the desktop and other applications.
- * !Paint - A simple painting application and sprite
- editor.
-
- Q: What are the advantages of having applications in ROM?
- A: Having an application in ROM makes accessing it very easy. There is no
- need to store it on disc, or to find the disc it was stored on when you
- want to access it.
-
- Q: Does having these applications in ROM leave more memory free for other
- applications?
- A: Using RISC OS 3, any of the ROM resident applications are run directly
- from ROM. Running the application from ROM means there is more memory
- left for other applications to run in at the same time. For example,
- !Edit used to need at least 160K to run, it now only needs 64K.
-
- Q: What changes have been made to !Alarm?
- A: !Alarm has been improved in a number of ways:
-
- * Much improved support for setting and
- resetting of alarms.
-
- * A list of alarms can be obtained in textual format.
-
- * Repeating alarms can be made to fit in the working week.
-
- * Better control over repeating alarms. For example, an alarm can be
- made to repeat on the first Sunday of every second month.
-
- * Support for automatically changing between summer and winter time.
-
- * An alarm can be set up to start a task.
-
-
- Q: What changes have been made to !Calc?
- A: It is now possible to use the computer's keyboard to enter numbers and
- perform calculations using !Calc.
-
- Q: What is !Chars?
- A: !Chars is a utility that gives access to characters that the computer can
- use but are not normally available from the computer's keyboard.
- Characters are typed by clicking on them using the mouse.
-
- Q: What changes have been made to !Configure?
- A: !Configure has been redesigned to give the user better control over the
- computer's configuration, and to support new configuration options.
- !Configure now provides several windows that provide control over the
- following areas of the computer's configuration:
-
- * Discs - Provides control over the number of hard discs
- connected to the computer. This includes support for
- SCSI based hard discs, and the new IDE disc interface
- as used in the A5000.
-
- * Floppies - Provides control over the number of floppy disc drives
- connected to the computer.
-
- * Net - Provides control over settings related to the use of
- the Econet(tm) network including the use of the new
- broadcast loader facility.
-
- * Printer - Provides control over the port to be used for printing.
-
- * Mouse - With RISC OS 3 many aspects of the mouse sensitivity
- can now be controlled by the user. This window can be
- used to change elements of the mouse sensitivity
- such as the mouse speed.
-
- * Keyboard - Provides controls over different aspects of the
- keyboard such as the keyboard auto repeat rate.
-
- * Memory - Provides control default memory allocations to system
- areas.
-
- * Sound - Provides control over the computer's sound system, such
- as the volume of sound produced.
-
- * Screen - Provides control over the screen display options such
- as the default screen mode.
-
-
- * Fonts - Provides control over the thresholds used by the font
- manager.
-
- * Windows - Provides control over Window Manager options such as
- the ability to move windows off screen.
-
- * Applications - Provides control over which of the ROM based
- applications are started automatically when the
- computer is powered on.
-
- Q: What changes have been made to !Draw?
- A: !Draw has been greatly enhanced and now provides amongst other things,
- the following new functionality:
-
- * Keystroke equivalents.
- Many of the common operations now have keystroke equivalents.
-
- * Interpolation of colours.
- It is now possible to produce smooth colour grading between two
- paths.
-
- * Scrolling at window boundary.
- If the pointer enters the outer 5% of the window, and you have a
- mouse button other than menu held down, the window will scroll and
- the mouse pointer is kept within the inner 95%.
-
- * Undo function
- Operations can now be undone. A history is kept so that operations
- preceding the last one can also be undone.
-
- * Text to path conversion
- Text lines rendered in an anti-aliased font may be converted into
- a group of path objects.
-
- * It is now possible to change the contents of text lines.
-
- * Support for rotated fonts.
-
- * Support for rotated sprites.
-
- Q: What changes have been made to !Edit?
- A: !Edit has been changed to provide amongst other things the following new
- functionality:
-
- * Column tab, overwrite and wordwrap modes added.
-
- * Support for wildcarded expressions as well as the old style
- magic characters for find operations.
-
- * Now works with an unlimited number of fonts.
-
- * Support for editing BASIC programs.
-
-
- Q: What changes have been made to !Help?
- A: The help system has been expanded to provide interactive help on menu
- entries as well as on windows and icons. All of the applications provided
- with RISC OS 3 provide interactive help.
-
- Q: Will RISC OS 2.00 applications work with the help system on RISC OS 3?
- A: Yes, the interactive help system has been present in RISC OS 2.00 since
- its release in 1988. Many applications already provide support for
- interactive help. Applications written for RISC OS 2.00 will not however
- provide help on menu entries.
-
- Q: What changes have been made to !Paint?
- A: Paint has been changed to provide amongst other things the following new
- functionality:
-
- * Replace colour will now replace transparent with a colour, and a
- colour with transparent.
-
- * New operations Scale x, Scale y and Shear.
-
- * Get Screen Area replaced with a timed snapshot facility.
-
- * Ability to use shapes such as circle, triangle, and square as a
- brush.
-
-
-
- Outline fonts in ROM
-
- Q: Is the outline Font Manager now provided as standard?
- A: Yes. RISC OS 3 includes the latest version of the outline Font Manager in
- ROM.
-
- Q: What are the advantages of having outline fonts?
- A: Outline fonts give better results when scaled to different sizes.
-
- Q: Is the outline font technology new?
- A: No. Outline font technology is not new for RISC OS. An outline font
- manager has been available for RISC OS 2.00 for some time now. As a
- result, many outline fonts are already available for use with RISC OS 3.
-
- Q: Is the outline Font Manager provided with RISC OS 3 the same as the one
- provided with Acorn DTP for RISC OS 2.00?
- A: No. While it is similar, and uses the same outline font technology as the
- RISC OS 2.00 outline Font Manager, the RISC OS 3 Font Manager version is
- a much improved version of the one provided for RISC OS 2.00.
-
- Q: Will documents created on RISC OS 2.00 still work with the RISC OS 3 font
- manager?
- A: Yes. The RISC OS 3 Font Manager is compatible with earlier versions.
-
- Q: Can fonts that are used with the RISC OS 2.00 Font Manager still be used
- with the new version?
- A: Yes. While not all fonts provided for the RISC OS 3 Font Manager can be
- used with the RISC OS 2.00 version, all fonts used by the RISC OS 2.00
- Font Manager can be used with the new RISC OS 3 version.
-
- Q: What advantages does the RISC OS 3 Font Manager have over the RISC OS
- 2.00 version?
- A: The RISC OS 3 Font Manager offers many advantages over the RISC OS 2.00
- version, some of which are:
-
- * The ability to paint rotated and transformed fonts.
-
- * The ability to cache single characters.
-
- * Support for right-to-left scripts.
-
- * Support for multiple font directories.
-
- * Support for different character set encodings.
-
- Q: What are the advantages of having fonts in ROM?
- A: Having fonts in ROM means less memory is used by the Font Manager when
- using these fonts, leaving more memory free for applications.
-
- Q: Which fonts are provided in the RISC OS 3 ROM?
- A: The fonts provided in ROM are:
-
- * Corpus.Medium
- * Corpus.Medium.Oblique
- * Corpus.Bold
- * Corpus.Bold.Oblique
- * Homerton.Medium
- * Homerton.Medium.Oblique
- * Homerton.Bold
- * Homerton.Bold.Oblique
- * Trinity.Bold
- * Trinity.Bold.Italic
- * Trinity.Medium
- * Trinity.Medium.Italic
-
-
- Desktop saving
-
-
- Q: What is desktop saving?
- A: Desktop saving is a way of saving the computer's state so that it can be
- restored the next time it is used.
-
- Q: How is desktop saving done?
- A: A new entry has been added to the Task Manager menu that allows the user
- to create a desktop boot file. Running the file after it has been saved,
- or installing it as the computer's boot file will restore the computer to
- the state it was when the file was saved.
-
- Q: What exactly is this computer state?
- A: The computer state includes:
-
- * Running applications.
- * Open directory viewers.
- * Any logged on fileservers.
- * Any icons on the desktop background.
- * The backdrop picture.
-
- It does not include:
-
- * Any open application windows.
- * Any iconized windows on the desktop background.
-
- Q: Will running RISC OS 2.00 applications be restored by a desktop boot
- file?
- A: No. Applications need to know about this facility in order to support it.
- All the applications provided with RISC OS 3 (both in ROM and on disc)
- already support this facility. All future applications should support
- this facility.
-
-
- Computer shutdown
-
- Q: What is computer shutdown?
- A: An option has been added to the Task Manager's menu that will bring the
- computer to a state where it can be safely turned off. The user is warned
- about any unsaved data in the computer, and then logged off from any
- fileservers, and all hard discs are parked.
-
- Q: Why is this option needed?
- A: This option simply ensures that no data will be unintentionally lost when
- switching the computer off. Parking the hard discs is also safer for
- transporting the computer from place to place.
-
-
-
- Pinboard
-
- Q: What is Pinboard?
- A: Pinboard in an extension to the desktop that enables frequently used
- files, directories and applications to be stored on the desktop
- background.
-
- Q: How are files stored on the desktop background?
- A: Simply dragging a file to desktop background will put the file icon
- on the background. The file can then be used in the same manner as it
- would be used from a Filer window.
-
- Iconized windows
-
- Q: What are iconized windows?
- A: Iconized windows are a small representation for an open window that can
- be stored on the desktop background.
-
- Q: Why are iconized windows useful?
- A: Iconizing a window preserves the context represented by the window, but
- frees up the space it uses until it is needed again.
-
- Q: Is it possible to iconize windows belonging to applications written
- for RISC OS 2.00?
- A: Yes. Iconizing will work on any window in the system. Applications
- written for RISC OS 3 have better control over the shape and name given
- to the iconized window, but iconizing will work on any window.
-
- Q: Is an iconized window still active?
- A: Yes. An iconized window remains active. For example, a warning will be
- generated if there is any unsaved data in an iconized window and the
- shutdown option is selected.
-
-
- Improved printer support
-
- Q: In what ways is the printer support better under RISC OS 3?
- A: Printer support has been greatly enhanced to include:
-
- * Full print queue facilities.
-
- * The ability to have more than one printer active at a time.
-
- * Much easier configuration for new printer types.
-
- * Support for all the new RISC OS 3 facilities such as printing of
- documents containing transformed sprites and fonts.
-
- * Support for font downloading.
-
- Q: What do the queue facilities provide?
- A: The queue facilities provide the ability to print multiple files by
- simply dragging them to the printer icon. The files are queued and
- printed one after the other. It is possible to suspend and remove
- individual entries from the queue and. An indication is also given of how
- far through the file the printing has progressed.
-
- Q: Why is the support for more than one active printer important?
- A: RISC OS 2.00 only supported one active printer at a time, this meant that
- people with more than one printer had to constantly switch between
- different printer drivers. Using the RISC OS 3 Printer Manager they can
- now have both printers active and simply drag the file to the correct
- icon for it to be printed.
-
- Q: Why is easy printer configuration important?
- A: While Acorn provides configuration files for a large range of printers,
- we cannot possibly provide a configuration file for every printer in the
- market. Easily configureable printer types enable the user to configure
- the Printer Manager to work with their printer without having to rely on
- the printer manufacturer or Acorn to provide a configuration file for
- them.
-
- Q: What is font downloading?
- A: Font downloading allows users with PostScript(tm) printers to print their
- documents which contain Acorn outline fonts on their printers without the
- need to purchase the appropriate PostScript(tm) font for their printer.
-
- Q: Is font downloading available with the standard RISC OS 3?
- A: No. While support for font downloading is included in RISC OS 3 the
- font downloading facility will be made available shortly as an extension
- to the basic RISC OS 3 functionality.
-
- Q: Will printer drivers from RISC OS 2.00 continue to work on RISC OS 3?
- A: Yes. Some independent vendors have developed printer drivers for
- printers that may not be supported in the extended Acorn set,
- these printer drivers will continue to work unaltered.
-
-
- Ability to use MS DOS(tm) discs
-
- Q: What is MS DOS(tm)?
- A: MS DOS is the standard operating system used by IBM PCs(tm) and
- compatible computers. It is also the disc format used by the Acorn PC
- emulator.
-
- Q: How is the support for MS DOS(tm) discs integrated into the RISC OS 3?
- A: When using RISC OS 3, MS DOS(tm) format discs can be used just like the
- native RISC OS ADFS and SCSI formats. Directory viewers can be opened on
- MS DOS(tm) discs and they can be read from, written to, and even
- formatted.
-
- Q: What happens to MS DOS(tm) file names under RISC OS 3?
- A: A translation mechanism is used to map MS DOS(tm) file names onto RISC OS
- names. RISC OS 3 also gives the user the option of truncating the names
- to 10 characters, or leave them as they are.
-
- Q: Is it possible to run MS DOS(tm) applications on a RISC OS 3 computer?
- A: Yes. It has always been possible to run MS DOS applications under RISC OS
- by using the Acorn PC emulator.
-
- Q: Can PC emulator hard disc partitions be manipulated from outside the PC
- emulator?
- A: Yes. It is now possible to open a directory viewer on the PC emulator
- hard disc partition and use it as if it were a normal directory on the
- hard disc.
-
- Q: Is it possible to use high density PC discs under RISC OS 3?
- A: Yes. On computers equipped with the appropriate hardware such as the
- A5000 it is possible to use high density PC disc formats.
-
-
- Support for new A5000 high density format.
-
- Q: What is the new high density format?
- A: On the A5000 it is possible to use high density floppy discs to give up
- to 1.6M formatted capacity on an ADFS format disc. Support for this
- format has been integrated into RISC OS 3.
-
-
- Programming interface changes.
-
- Q: Are there any new programming interfaces provided by RISC OS 3?
- A: Yes. While a lot of effort went into improving the system for the user,
- no less effort went into providing additional programming interfaces and
- improving the existing ones.
-
- Q: Why does so much effort go into improving the programming interface?
- A: Acorn hopes that the new programming interfaces will enable software
- developers to develop far more powerful applications for RISC OS 3 than
- the ones possible under RISC OS 2.00. Improving the programming
- interface is an investment in the future. While it is of no immediate
- importance to the user of the computer it increases the potential power
- of the computer and the applications that will be developed for it.
-
- Q: How could the programming interface be changed without harming
- compatibility with RISC OS 2.00?
- A: Whenever possible, if a new interface was added to RISC OS 3. the old
- interface available in RISC OS 2.00 was kept as well. While Acorn does
- not recommend that new application software written for RISC OS 3 uses
- these old interfaces, they continue to work. However in most cases the
- old interfaces are less powerful and so applications using the old
- interfaces will provide the maximum functionality possible using the new
- RISC OS 3 interfaces.
-
- Q: What will happen to these old interfaces in the future?
- A: Support for the old interfaces will continue for the foreseeable
- future. However, in time, as more and more applications become available
- for RISC OS 3, it is Acorn's intention to stop supporting these old
- interfaces.
-
- Main themes behind the changes
-
- Q: What motivated the changes?
- A: As well as the desire to provide better support for application
- development there are two main themes behind the changes to the
- programming interface in RISC OS 3 internationalisation and support for
- foreign filing systems.
-
- Q: What is internationalisation?
- A: Internationalisation has three main aspects. The first is to enable Acorn
- to produce a version of RISC OS 3 targeted at a foreign market. This
- requires not only the ability to translate all system text to a foreign
- language but also the ability to support different time zones, different
- alphabets and different keyboard layouts. The second aspect of
- internationalisation is to enable application software to be written in a
- way that enables easy adaptation of the software for a foreign market.
- The third aspect is to enable application software to be written that can
- cope with using more than one language at the same time. RISC OS 3
- attempts to address all of these aspects.
-
- Q: What is the support of foreign filing systems?
- A: The support of foreign filing systems is the ability to read and write
- disc formats that are used by other computers. An example of this ability
- is the RISC OS 3 ability to read and write MS DOS(tm) format discs. Many
- of the changes to the programming interfaces at the filing system level
- were motivated by the desire to support this type of data exchange.
-
-
- Overview of the changes
-
- Q: What areas were changed?
- A: Changes occurred in all areas of the system but most noticeably in the
- following areas:
-
- * The kernel
- * Device drivers.
- * Time zones.
- * Extension ROMs.
- * Unique ID.
-
- * The Podule Manager
- * The way modules are loaded off extension cards.
-
- * Filing system interfaces
- * Support for foreign filing systems.
-
- * ResourceFS
- * A new resource filing system.
-
- * The Messages module
- * A central text resource for RISC OS 3.
-
- * MessageTrans
- * A new central message translation facility.
-
- * TerritoryManager and UK Territory.
- * The general internationalisation support and UK
- specific resources.
-
- * The Task Manager
- * Support for enumeration of tasks.
-
- * ARM3Support
- * Support for the ARM3 processor.
-
- * Buffer Manager
- * General buffer management support.
-
- * Font Manager
- * Support transformed fonts.
- * Support for internationalisation.
- * Support for dynamic font menus.
-
- * PipeFS
- * Support for piped data transfer.
-
- * SpriteExtend
- * New sprite operations for plotting transformed sprites.
-
- * Squash
- * Support for data compression.
-
- * TaskWindow
- * Much improved support for running non-desktop tasks under
- the desktop.
-
- * WindowManager
- * Support for redefined window borders.
- * Many additional interfaces.
-
- * FilterManager
- * Ability to provide filters on wimp tasks.
-
- * In addition to the above list the latest versions of the following
- modules are included in the RISC OS 3 ROM:
-
- ColourTrans
- FPEmulator
- SharedCLibrary
- IRQUtils
- WindowUtils
-
- Device Drivers
-
- Q: What are the changes to the device driver interface?
- A: RISC OS 3 provides a device filing system (DeviceFS). This new module
- provides filing system like interfaces to device drivers and devices.
- It defines the way in which device drivers should be written for RISC OS
- 3 and provides a uniform interface to them.
-
- Q: Which devices use DeviceFS?
- A: Currently the serial and parallel device drivers have been extracted from
- the kernel and changed to use the DeviceFS interface. This will make it
- easier to adopt them to work on possible future hardware.
-
- Time zones
-
- Q: What changes were made to the way RISC OS handles time?
- A: RISC OS 2.00 did not have any concept of time zones. This caused
- difficulties when interfacing to other computers. RISC OS 3 now has
- knowledge of time zones and time offsets. Time under RISC OS 3 is always
- kept in UTC (Universal Time Coordinated). Interfaces are provided to
- translate between UTC and local time, and back.
-
- Extension ROMs
-
- Q: What are extension ROMs?
- A: Extension ROMs are additional ROMs other than the main system ROM. These
- ROMs can be fitted into computers that include the necessary hardware
- such as the A5000. RISC OS 3 will support such ROMs on any Acorn
- computer that has hardware supports for them.
-
- Q: Why are extension ROMs necessary?
- A: Extension ROMs can be used to provide support for specific hardware which
- may be present in a limited set of computers. The extension ROM mechanism
- allows support for such hardware to be included without the need to
- re-issue the main system ROMs.
-
- Unique ID
-
- Q: What is the unique ID?
- A: Some Acorn computers such as the Acorn A5000 have a unique machine ID
- assigned to them when they are manufactured. This is a number that is
- unique to the individual machine, and is not duplicated on any other
- Acorn computer.
-
- Q: What will the unique machine ID be used for?
- A: It is anticipated that software developers will use the unique machine ID
- for software protection.
-
-
- The Podule Manager
-
- Q: Why was a change to the Podule Manager necessary?
- A: On RISC OS 2.00 any module present on the podule was automatically loaded
- into the computer without first checking if a later version of the module
- was already resident in the computer. This was not a serious problem with
- RISC OS 2.00 as the podule normally had a later version of the module
- than the one present in the RISC OS 2.00 ROM. With RISC OS 3 many modules
- have been updated and included in the ROM with the result that in most
- cases the module in the RISC OS 3 ROM will be a later version than the
- module on the podule. Using the old method of loading modules would have
- meant that the newer module would have been overwritten by the older one.
-
- Q: What has been done?
- A: With the RISC OS 3 Podule Manager, modules are only loaded from a podule
- if there isn't already a later version of the module resident in the
- computer's memory. If there is a later version of the module in the
- computer's memory (in the system ROM, an extension ROM or in RAM) it will
- be restarted with the necessary arguments, instead.
-
- Filing system interfaces:
-
- Q: What are the changes to the filing system interface?
- A: The detailed changes to the filing systems are beyond the scope of this
- document (for details refer to the RISC OS 3 PROGRAMMER'S REFERENCE
- MANUAL). In summary the filing system interface has been changed in two
- major ways: it has been enhanced to support the implementation of foreign
- filing systems, and to make the writing of native filing systems much
- easier.
-
- ResourceFS
-
- Q: What is ResourceFS?
- A: ResourceFS is a filing system that enables applications and modules to
- hold resources (such as messages files, template files and sprite files)
- in the computer's memory, and access them using the filing system
- interface. All of the RISC OS system modules use ResourceFS to hold their
- resources.
-
- Q: Can ResourceFS be used by applications and modules which are not in the
- RISC OS 3 ROM?
- A: Yes. ResourceFS provides an interface that can be used by any application
- software. For example, ResourceFS makes the inclusion of sprites for
- Filers that reside on podules much simpler, eliminating the need for a
- filing system to be implemented on the podule.
-
- The Messages module
-
- Q: What is the messages module?
- A: The messages module is the central text resource for the system most of
- the text used by RISC OS 3 is held in this module so that it easily be
- replaced by loading a replacement module.
-
- MessageTrans
-
- Q: What is the MessageTrans module?
- A: The MessageTrans module is a module providing message translation
- facilities by using message tokens and messages files.
-
- Q: Is the RISC OS 3 MessageTrans module the same as the one provided with
- the Acorn release 2 printer drivers?
- A: No. While the new RISC OS 3 MessageTrans provides all the functionality
- of the old module it is an updated version which provides facilities for
- the translation of error messages and support for the use of a
- shared global messages file.
-
- The Territory Manager and UK Territory
-
- Q: What is the Territory Manager?
- A: The Territory Manager is a new RISC OS 3 module providing control over
- the localized aspects of the computer. The Territory Manager can have
- more than one Territory module loaded at any one time but only one can be
- the active Territory for the computer.
-
- Q: What is a Territory module?
- A: A Territory module (such as the UK Territory module present in the RISC
- OS 3 ROM) is a module providing the Territory Manager with information
- about a specific Territory (such as the UK). This information includes
- things like the time zone, the language used, the keyboard layout used,
- which character to use for the decimal separator, the collation order
- for characters, the writing direction for the local language, and more.
-
- Q: What is the current Territory?
- A: Each computer running RISC OS 3 has a value for the current Territory
- stored in its CMOS RAM. This value controls the Territory that is used by
- the system. This is the current Territory of the computer. The current
- Territory controls such things as the language used to display menus, and
- the default time offset from UTC. There can only be one current Territory
- for any one computer.
-
- Q: Why is there only one current Territory?
- A: Since the current Territory controls such things as the language used for
- menus. It would be very confusing to have, for example, some of the menus
- appear in one language and some in another language. In the UK, even if
- you are editing a German document you would normally want the menus to
- still appear in English.
-
- Q: If there is only one current Territory, why should it be possible to have
- more than one Territory loaded by the Territory Manager?
- A: While there can only be one current Territory for any one computer, some
- applications written for RISC OS 3 may wish to be able to include text in
- two different languages in the same document. It is useful for such an
- application to be able to read the information relating to both languages
- at the same time.
-
- The Task Manager
-
- Q: What are the changes to the Task Manager?
- A: Using RISC OS 2.00 it wasn't possible for an application to obtain a list
- of the tasks that were active in the computer's memory. Using RISC OS 3
- it is now possible to enumerate all the resident tasks.
-
- The ARM3 Support module
-
- Q: What does the ARM3Support module provide?
- A: The ARM3Support module that is included as standard in the RISC OS 3 ROM
- gives application software control over various aspects of the ARM3
- processor that is installed in the A540 and A5000. Calls are provided to
- enable and disable the ARM3 cache, and to mark areas of memory as
- cacheable and non cacheable.
-
- The Buffer Manager
-
- Q: What is the Buffer Manager?
- A: The Buffer Manager is a new module provided in the RISC OS 3 ROM that
- provides general purpose buffer management. Application software can now
- use the facilities provided by the Buffer Manager instead of implementing
- their own buffering mechanisms.
-
- The Font Manager
-
- Q: What are the changes to the Font Manager?
- A: The detailed changes to the Font Manager are beyond the scope of this
- document. Changes have been made in three major areas: support for
- transformed fonts, internationalisation, and multiple font directories
- have been added.
-
- Q: What are dynamic font menus?
- A: Dynamic font menus are font menus that change when you add a new font to
- the list of fonts without the need to restart the application. The RISC
- OS 3 Font Manager provides support for such menus, and all the
- applications provided with RISC OS 3 use this facility to provide such
- menus.
-
- Q: Will RISC OS 2.00 applications work with this new facility?
- A: No. An application needs to know about the facility to use it. All new
- applications written for RISC OS 3 should have this facility in them.
-
-
- PipeFS - The Pipe filing system
-
- Q: What is PipeFS?
- A: PipeFS is a RISC OS 3 filing system that provides a facility similar to
- pipes under UNIX(tm).
-
- Q: What are pipes?
- A: Pipes are a way of transferring data between two different tasks, without
- the need for an intermediate file to be created on disc.
-
- Q: What does PipeFS do?
- A: PipeFS enables intermediate files to be created in memory for the purpose
- of data transfer. Such files are deleted automatically when they are
- closed.
-
- Q: What is special about a pipe file?
- A: When data is read from a normal file it stays in the file, when data is
- read from a pipe the data is removed from the file. So that one task can
- write to the file at one end, and another task can remove the data from
- the other end at it's own pace.
-
-
- New Sprite operations
-
- Q: What are the new sprite operations in RISC OS 3.
- A: RISC OS 3 provides a number of new sprite operations:
-
- * Insertion and removal of multiple rows and columns.
- * Plotting of transformed sprites.
- * Plotting of a sprite into a destination parallelogram
- * Plotting of part of a sprite.
-
- Q: Which applications support the new operations?
- A: Only applications written for RISC OS 3 will support these operations.
- Support for them is included in the version of !Draw provided in the RISC
- OS 3 ROM.
-
-
- The Squash module
-
- Q: What is the Squash module?
- A: The Squash module is a new RISC OS 3 module providing a general purpose
- interface to data compression.
-
- Q: What is the compression ratio achieved by the module?
- A: The compression algorithm used by the module achieves an average of %40
- compression on text and sprite files.
-
- Q: What is the compression speed achieved by the module?
- A: The module provides a fast and a slow algorithm. The slow algorithm
- achieves a compression rate of about 24K per second and decompression
- rate of about 48K per second while the fast algorithm achieves a
- compression rate of about 68K per second and a decompression rate of
- about 280K per second on a standard A420 computer.
-
-
- The task window module
-
- Q: What are the changes in the task window module?
- A: An improved version of the task window module is present in the RISC OS 3
- ROM. This new version includes support for starting of tasks from within
- other tasks, and for running tasks under the control of the task window
- module without actually opening the window on the screen unless output is
- generated by the task.
-
- Q: Has access to the task window been made easier?
- A: Yes. A task window will now be opened if the user presses Ctrl+F12 at any
- time.
-
-
-
- The Window Manager
-
- Q: What are the changes to the Window Manager?
- A: Some of the changes made to the Window Manager are:
-
- * Limit on number of windows removed.
- * Limit on number of tasks increased to 128 (from 32 on RISC OS
- 2.00)
- * *WimpMode command added to set the current wimp mode.
- * Support for customised sprites for different aspect ratios added.
- * Many more sprites are now provided in ROM.
- * The RISC OS 3 Window Manager supports computers with more than
- 4MB of memory such as the A540
- * The following routines now work on the icon bar as well as on
- normal windows:
-
- Wimp_GetWindowState Wimp_GetWindowInfo
- Wimp_GetWindowOutline Wimp_ForceRedraw
- Wimp_DragBox Wimp_WhichIcon
-
- * A Message is now issued when a menu is deleted.
- * Support for menus that are traversed from right to left
- * Support for iconizing windows added.
- * Many additional validation string options added.
- * Ability to use poll words added. A task can now request to get an
- event when a poll word becomes non zero.
-
- For a more complete description of these and other changes and
- additions refer to the RISC OS 3 PROGRAMMERS REFERENCE MANUAL.
-
-
-
- The Filter Manager
-
- Q: What is the Filter Manager?
- A: The Filter Manager is a new RISC OS 3 module that enables specially
- written software to intercept events that a task receives from Wimp_Poll
- act on them and filter them. The filter is also able to generate new
- event types that are then reported to the task through the Wimp_Poll
- mechanism.
-
-
- -----
- RMokady@acorn.co.uk |
- Ran Mokady | "We're children, Needing other children
- Senior Software Engineer | And yet letting our grown up pride
- RISC OS development team | Hide all the need inside
- Acorn Computers | Acting more like children than children"
- Cambridge, UK. |
-